Monday, April 28, 2008

Bloom's Taxonomy

"Benjamin Bloom" created this taxonomy for categorizing level of abstraction of questions that commonly occur in educational settings. The taxonomy provides a structure in which to categorize test questions.

1. Knowledge :
  • Observation and Recall of information
  • Knowledge of dates, events, places
  • Knowledge of major ideas
  • Mastery of Subject Matter
  • Question Cues:list, define, tell, describe, identify, show, label, collect, examine, tabulate, quote, name, who, when, where, etc.

2. Comprehension:

  • Understanding information
  • Grasp meaning
  • Translate knowledge into new context
  • Interpret facts, compare, contrast
  • Order, group, infer causes
  • Predict consequences
  • Question Cues: summarize, describe, interpret, contrast, predict, associate, distinguish, estimate, differentiate, discuss, extend

3. Application:

  • Use information
  • Use methods, concepts, theories in new situations
  • Solve problems using required skills or knowledge
  • Questions Cues: apply, demonstrate, alculate, complete, illustrate, show, solve, examine, modify, relate, change, classify, experiment, discover

4. Analysis:

  • Seeing patterns
  • Organization of parts
  • Recognition of hidden meanings
  • Identification of components
  • Question Cues: analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, infer

5. Synthesis:

  • Use old ideas to create new ones
  • Generalize from given facts
  • Relate knowledge from several areas
  • Predict, draw conclusions
  • Question Cues:combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, plan, create, design, invent, what if?, compose, formulate, prepare, generalize, rewrite

6. Evaluation:

  • Compare and discriminate between ideas
  • Assess value of theories, presentations
  • Make choices based on reasoned argument
  • Verify value of evidence
  • Recognize subjectivity
  • Question Cues: decide, rank, grade, test, measure, recommend, convince, select, judge, explain, discriminate, support, conclude, compare, summarize